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Anatomy Although the size and the shape of the breasts can vary tremendously from woman to woman, all breasts are made up of the same parts. Here is a list of the external and internal structures that make up the anatomy of the female breast. Exterior Parts Skin: The breasts are covered by skin. The skin surrounding the breast contains the areola, the nipple, and the Montgomery glands. Areola: The areola is the circular or oval area at the center of the breast that is a darker color than the surrounding skin....

Average Baby Weight at Birth The World Health Organization has established standards for infant and child growth. The average weight of a newborn is around 7 to 7 1/2 pounds (3.2 to 3.4 kg). Most full-term healthy newborns weigh anywhere from 5 pounds 11 ounces to 8 pounds 6 ounces (2.6 to 3.8 kg). Low birth weight is less than 5 pounds 8 ounces (2.5 kg) at full term, and larger than average is a birth weight over 8 pounds 13 ounces (4....

In the worst cases, the infection will become septic, causing what is known as a septic miscarriage or septic abortion. Since sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition, it’s critical to know the symptoms and get medical treatment as soon as possible. Causes of Infection Infections are a risk after any miscarriage or non-therapeutic abortion (an abortion for non-medical reasons). Gynecological and obstetric surgeries can also put a woman at risk of infection....

This can be confusing when using a combination of pre-made foods as well as homemade foods, or combining baby-led feeding with commercial foods. The popular brand Gerber has registered trademarks for “1st Foods,” “2nd Foods,” and “3rd Foods.” Other brand labels simply use “1,” “2,” or “3,” which some companies use to refer to the age of the baby and others use to define the stage in which the baby is ready for a certain type of food....

There are countless baby products on the market, and obviously, you don’t need them all. In fact, some registry “must-haves” can turn out to be impractical, time-consuming, unnecessary, and even unsafe. We turned to experts and parents to find out what you don’t really need. Ahead, check out our list of baby items that are totally okay to skip when building your registry. Impractical Baby Items There are some typical baby registry items that many parents never end up using at all, or might use for such a short amount of time, it’s not worth it....

Sweden has the second-highest incidence of type 1 diabetes in children, with 40 children per 100,000 diagnosed each year. This prompted researchers at Karolinska Institutet in Solna to carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing research on the role of diet in the development of the disease. The researchers found that some high-quality studies indicate that longer breastfeeding and later introduction to gluten, fruit, and cow’s milk may reduce the risk of type 1 diabetes....

Because retinol is so potent, it is also a controversial ingredient to use during pregnancy and postpartum. Here, we are going to tackle whether or not it is safe to use when breastfeeding. (Spoiler: the answer is no, you cannot use retinol during pregnancy or when breastfeeding.) “There are controversial opinions on this topic, as the amount [or retinol] absorbed into the bloodstream may be quite minimal,” explains Deanne Mraz-Robinson, M....

No Alcohol Is Safe in Pregnancy You may have read that a glass of wine once in a while isn’t dangerous for a pregnancy, or that once a woman is in the third trimester of pregnancy any alcohol she drinks isn’t likely to affect her baby because by that point the baby is fully developed. But research has shown that there’s no time during pregnancy when it’s safe for a woman to drink, nor is there an amount of alcohol that’s safe....

For piercing enthusiasts, unfortunately, the answer is that it’s best to refrain from getting piercings during pregnancy. In fact, according to the Association of Professional Piercers (APP), it’s recommended to avoid new piercings (if possible) at least three months before and after pregnancy and breastfeeding. Piercings During Pregnancy New piercings can have difficulty healing and even become infected, particularly when you are pregnant, warns Andrea Chisholm, MD, an OB-GYN and member of Verywell Family’s Review Board....

This is a complicated issue that will vary state by state and with individual circumstances, and it warrants legal council on behalf of the surviving parent and children. Because state laws govern child support issues and enforcement, it is vital to research the rules in your state. However, the general answer is that child support payments will likely continue in some form after one parent dies, but steps need to be taken to ensure this happens and determine if any changes need to be made....

Whether you want to get your child to do their chores, follow directions at school, or refrain from hitting when they’re angry, reward systems are effective discipline tools. Here is what you need to know about a token economy system, including what it is and how it works. How to Create a Token Economy System Sometimes parents create very complicated systems that are hard for children to understand and difficult for parents to manage....

For instance, you may wonder if you have taught your teen everything they need to know to become a responsible adult. To be sure, it helps to consider their development and assist them accordingly to make sure they are prepared for the real world. Below you will find information on what to expect from your teen developmentally. You will find information on how your teen is developing cognitively, physically, socially, and emotionally....

In some school districts, zero tolerance has slowly become synonymous with “we don’t want to put up with any sort of nonsense.” Such policies impose severe consequences for violations, and, in some cases, this is doing more harm than good. 1. Zero Tolerance Can Hurt the Victim of Bullying Consider this scenario: A child has been bullied for quite some time. So far, the bullying has taken the form of humiliation and verbal abuse, but today it gets physical, and his tormentors attack the child....

Regardless of how strongly you hold your political beliefs and opinions, they may not match the thinking of those closest to you. Here are some ways to handle tough conversations without letting them damage your relationships. How to Talk Politics With Family If you choose to talk politics, these strategies will improve your chances of a civil and constructive conversation. Open Your Mind While political opinions can be strong and lead to emotional exchanges, it’s important to realize that the person you’re speaking to has good reasons for their beliefs too....

Overview The physical and emotional experience of a miscarriage can vary significantly based on the cause and timing of the loss and other individual factors. Those that occur in very early pregnancy can be quite different from those that happen in the second or third trimester. In some cases, miscarriage can happen almost invisibly, as with so-called missed or silent miscarriages that have no outward symptoms. Below, we take a look at what typically happens in first-trimester, threatened, and second-trimester miscarriages....