One study, published in The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, found that 171 children aged under 18 years tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in Victoria, Australia between March and October 2020. Of those 171, 58% had mild disease, 36% were asymptomatic, and 5% had moderate disease. All the children recovered well. The most common long-term symptoms (cough and fatigue) did not last longer than eight weeks. Another study, published in The Medical Journal of Australia, involved 16 hospitals across Australia. Researchers analyzed data on 393 kids who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 from February through September 2020. Only 44 of the children were admitted to the hospital, and three of those children needed intensive care.
What These Studies Mean
This research concludes that children are less likely to become severely sick or hospitalized from COVID-19. As a pediatrician, Kelly Fradin, MD, FAAP, is thankful that children experience lower rates of serious health complications such as hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. “However, low risk is not no risk,” she warns. “When millions of children get sick, even rare complications like the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) add up. Additionally, considerable uncertainty remains about the long-term outcomes from COVID-19.” While kids might be less likely to end up in intensive care or die from COVID-19 than adults, it has happened. This has occurred both in children with and without pre-existing medical conditions, says David Vu, MD, MS, pediatric infectious disease specialist at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center in San Jose, California. This is why it is important to continue wearing masks. While masks do not eliminate the possibility of getting infected, they serve two important purposes, Dr. Vu explains. First, they reduce the risk of infection for the person wearing the mask. Second, they reduce the risk of infecting others if the wearer is asymptomatically infected.
The Importance of Vaccinations
“The best way to reduce the risk of severe disease and death is vaccination,” Dr. Vu says. “While it is unclear how well the current vaccines protect against infection by the Delta variant that is the dominating variant circulating worldwide, the current vaccines still help reduce the severity of symptoms and reduce the risk of death.” We know this, Dr. Vu explains, because most (over 90%) of the ICU admissions and deaths in the recent months have occurred in unvaccinated individuals. He also points out that there are 10 times as many infections in unvaccinated people compared to those who are vaccinated, which means that vaccination makes a substantial difference in reducing infection risk. Dr. Fradin agrees. “We are in the home stretch of this pandemic and when vaccines are available to offer children an additional level of protection we can loosen our precautions,” she says. “In my opinion, children deserve to be protected from infection by using vaccines and masks as recommended—particularly when the Delta variant is so infectious and rates of infection are surging.” It’s also important for adults in unvaccinated kids’ lives to get their own shots—an important intervention that reduces the risk of infecting those children, Dr. Vu says.
Reducing COVID-19 Cases in Children
Children 12 and up can prevent COVID-19 infection by getting vaccinated, but it can also be a community effort, says Dr. Fradin. “In areas with high vaccination rates, fewer COVID-19 cases will occur and this will decrease the risk of children being exposed and getting sick,” she explains. “Communities can protect children by encouraging everyone eligible to be vaccinated.” This public health measure is called “cocooning.” “We also use it to protect newborn babies against illnesses such as influenza and pertussis,” explains pediatrician Florencia Segura, MD, FAAP. “Everyone around the unvaccinated child (or baby)—family, babysitters, friends—needs to be current on all vaccines, creating ‘herd immunity’ for the child.” Masking indoors is an important preventive measure to decrease transmission rates, especially for those who haven’t yet been vaccinated, Dr. Fradin adds. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends masks in schools for everyone over the age of 2 regardless of vaccination status. “In addition to universal masking, hand hygiene and increased school ventilation will make in-person learning as safe as possible,” says Dr. Segura.
If your child shows any symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, or loss or change of their sense of taste or smell, attend your local testing facility or take an at-home test.
