With the tips and examples that follow, get a better understanding of identity achievement and how you can support your children or the young people in your life as they set out on the path of this transformative process.
What Psychologists Say About Identity Achievement
Psychologists believe that identity achievement can only occur after a person has actively explored a wide variety of options available to him. In other words, a person must undergo an identity crisis (or identity moratorium) in order to reach identity achievement. For instance, a person who is in identity achievement with regard to occupation would have first tried out various career routes via internships, online research, and informational interviews before identifying the best fit. When young people have an identity moratorium or an active identity crisis of sorts, they try on a number of things, such as religion, political beliefs or lifestyles, for size. They simply explore a variety of life paths and philosophies without committing to any one cause or lifestyle. Your tween may be into rap music one day, and the next week he or she may be listening to folk or classic rock. Or, your child may dress like a hippie for months, and then suddenly go preppy, or grunge. Children, tweens, and teens are all unlikely to have reached the status of identity achievement. They are more likely to be uncertain about their identity (identity diffusion), to have prematurely adopted an “identity” (identity foreclosure) or to be actively searching for a sense of self (identity moratorium). They do not necessarily experience these identity statuses in sequence, however. Adults can reach the stage of identity achievement by choosing a particular vocation, values, ideals, and lifestyle. Experiencing identity achievement gives an individual a sense of uniqueness and helps him outline weaknesses and strengths and take stands on issues. Some parents may balk at the idea of their children developing lifestyles that seemingly contradict their own, but it’s important to allow children to develop their own identities. In some cases, children may directly challenge their parents’ political beliefs, religions, and careers, only to come back around to them as adults.
Origins
Identity achievement is one of four identity statuses identified by Canadian developmental psychologist James Marcia. He began to publish work about these identity statuses in the 1960s. Other psychologists have refined his work over time. Marcia essentially concluded that adolescents aren’t confused but experience two key processes as they form their identities: crisis and commitment. Identity achievement is commitment. Theorist Erik Erikson also wrote extensively about identity crises, and Marcia used his work to form his own conclusions about identity in adolescence. Marcia’s book “Ego Identity: A Handbook for Psychosocial Research” includes his work on identity theory.
