Babies are born listening—and responding—to their body’s cues. Your baby might align with an average schedule of when to start solids and progress. Or you might have a baby who wants to start a little later or go a little slower. “Normal” is a range. These general guidelines can help, but it’s more important to pay attention to your own baby’s needs. Always ask your pediatrician if you have questions.
Breastfeeding
Newborns breastfeed about eight to 12 times a day, around the clock—every two to three hours. Once they get the hang of breastfeeding and are gaining weight, they may space out their feedings to around eight times a day. As well, a nursing baby may want to nurse more often during a growth spurt. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that “breastfeeding should be continued for at least the first year of life and beyond for as long as mutually desired by mother and child.” If a breastfeeding baby weans before 12 months old, then the baby should be given an iron-fortified baby formula.
7 to 8 times a day by 3 to 4 months of age 5 to 7 times a day by 5 to 6 months of age 4 to 6 times a day between 7 and 12 months of age 3 to 4 times a day after 12 months of age until the baby and breastfeeding mom are ready to wean
Baby Formula
According to the AAP, most babies are satisfied with three to four ounces per feeding during the first month. This schedule increase by one ounce per month until reaching eight ounces. That means a two-month-old baby will probably be drinking about four to five ounces of baby formula at a time. Some babies never reach eight ounces, though, topping out at five to six ounces at a feeding. The AAP provides another guideline about baby formula that on average, your baby should drink about two and a half ounces of formula a day for every pound of body weight. So, for a two-month-old baby who weighs 12 pounds, that would be about 30 ounces a day.
Cereal and Baby Food
Do you have to start with cereal? Does the order of fruit or vegetables matter? How much food should babies be eating when they are six, seven, or nine months old?
4 to 6 bottles of formula a day until they are about 6 months old 3 to 5 bottles of formula between 7 and 9 months of age 3 to 4 bottles of formula between 10 and 12 months of age 16 to 24 ounces of whole milk a day, offered with meals once they are 12 months old
Once you have determined that it is the right time to start solids (the American Academy of Pediatrics suggests around six months of age), you can use an infant cereal or you can jump right into vegetables and fruit via purees or baby-led feeding. After starting with just one or two teaspoons at a time, your baby will likely move up to three or four tablespoons of cereal once or twice a day. Vary the grain source of the cereal (oatmeal, barley, wheat, rice) so the baby isn’t getting the same grain all of the time. You can start other types of baby food at any point and this is a great way to introduce baby to a wider variety of flavors. There is no reason to introduce vegetables before fruit (a common myth). The important thing is to expose your baby to many different flavors. You can start with mild-tasting vegetables and fruit, but don’t assume what your baby will like or dislike. Keep in mind that they may need to try a flavor multiple times before they enjoy it. Remember, all flavors are new to them! As with cereal, start with a few teaspoons and then work your way up to three or four tablespoons once or twice a day. As babies get older, they move through the classic baby food stages and steps, starting with pureed, single ingredient baby foods and gradually moving up to foods that have more texture.
4 to 6 months: 3 to 4 tablespoons of cereal once a day, and 1 to 2 tablespoons of a vegetable and fruit 1 or 2 times a day 7 months: 3 to 4 tablespoons of cereal once a day, 2 to 3 tablespoons of a vegetable and fruit twice a day, and 1 to 2 tablespoons of a meat and protein food once a day 8 to 12 months: 4 to 8 tablespoons of cereal once a day, 2 to 4 tablespoons of a vegetable and fruit twice a day, and 1 to 3 tablespoons of a meat and protein food twice a day
Finger Foods and Table Foods
If you started your baby on purees, it can be an exciting time to introduce them to finger foods. Baby can share many of the same foods you and your family eat, but they’ll need to be seasoned, cut, and cooked appropriately. Use little to no salt and take care that the texture and shape of foods offered do not promote choking. By eight to nine months of age, babies are quite adept at grasping food and getting it to their mouths. They will likely enjoy feeding themselves. Watch your baby carefully as you offer very small pieces of finger foods, avoiding choking hazards, such as whole grapes, raisins, raw vegetables, and large chunks of cheese. It’s also important to be caught up on baby CPR guidelines. Good finger foods include:
Cereal puffs made for babiesChopped cooked eggsCooked pastaCrackersCut-up, cooked chicken, meat, and fishDiced cooked vegetablesDiced pasteurized cheeseSmall pieces of toasted whole-grain breadSlices of ripe fruitToasted O-shaped cereal
Once your child has mastered eating finger foods, you might introduce a small utensil, along with mixed dishes, to their meals. You can also usually introduce yogurt at this age. By the end of their first year or the beginning of their second year, your baby will likely be eating much of the same food as the rest of the family.
Foods to Avoid During Baby’s First Year
Just as important as knowing when to start each food is knowing which foods to avoid. Before your baby turns one year old, avoid these foods entirely:
Fluoride from drinking fluoridated water (most brands of bottled water are not fluoridated) Iron from a breast milk, iron-fortified baby formula and cereal, and other iron-rich foods Vitamin D from baby formula; exclusively breastfeeding babies will need a vitamin D supplement
Choking hazards like grapes and hot dogs Cow’s milk (associated with iron-deficiency anemia) Fruit juice Honey (botulism risk) Raw or undercooked eggs, meats, or fish Unpasteurized cheeses
