Prevalence About 1 in every 2,500 newborn babies have Turner syndrome. Yet according to research, monosomy X is present in 1–2% of all conceptions, but about 99% of affected babies are miscarried or stillborn. The condition is thought to be a factor in roughly 10% of all first trimester miscarriages. Causes The cause of Turner syndrome is an error in cell division that leaves the body’s cells with only one fully functioning X chromosome....

Tyler is also the name given to the office of the outer guard of a Masonic Lodge. All lodges appoint a Tyler to stand guard outside the door. This junior officer is in charge of guarding against ineligible masons from coming in, preparing the room for meetings, supplying regalia and equipment, and sometimes acting as the caretaker of the premises. The name Tyler is used both as a surname and a given name for both sexes although it’s predominantly used for boys....

Test percentile scores are important for making decisions about your child’s education, especially when considering a special education program. Understanding these scores can help you gain a clearer picture of your child’s abilities and help you spot areas where they may need extra assistance. In some cases, specific scores on an exam may be required in order to receive specialized assistance or to gain admission to certain programs. It is important to understand how a percentile rank score differs from a percentage score....

Most kids discover their penis or vulva at a similar stage of early development. They might “play with their privates” incidentally as a part of self-discovery or because it feels good. Sometimes, a child might show an interest in looking at other people’s genitals, too. This behavior often begins around age 2 and tends to decrease in both boys and girls after age 6. Though a young child’s interest in their own or another person’s genitals is a normal part of sexual development, it might be concerning or feel awkward for some family members or friends....

Violet is a traditional name that had its heyday in the early 20th century but has regained popularity over the past few decades. It is unique in that it combines the classic sound of an old-fashioned name with both a flower and color name. Despite its deep roots, Violet also exudes a fresh, hip vibe. In many cultures, purple is a color of royalty. So, the name Violet connotates regality, leadership, strength, and grace....

Before a woman becomes pregnant, progesterone helps prepare the uterus for implantation. After ovulation, a mass of cells called a corpus luteum forms on the ovary. The corpus luteum produces progesterone until the placenta takes over toward the end of the first trimester. Women who are undergoing fertility treatments or are deficient in organically producing the hormone may be prescribed progesterone supplements. Let’s explore progesterone’s role when it comes to fertility and pregnancy, as well as how you can recognize the signs of low progesterone in your body....

Plus, there is the sleep-deprivation to deal with, finding appropriate childcare, and deciding whether to continue breastfeeding. So, what do you do when you feel like your maternity leave is ending before it ever really got started? Maternity Leave in the U.S. With the exception of a few states, the United States does not have a national paid family leave policy. As of 2018, research from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) looked at 41 countries and found that the U....

For this reason, many expectant mothers may question their abilities as a parent or start to wonder if they have what it takes. This can create high levels of anxiety, especially if they are also being bombarded with ideas, information, and suggestions on everything from breastfeeding and cloth diapers to what to eat and whether they should stay at home. As a result, it is not surprising that, while sometimes well-intentioned, the unsolicited pregnancy advice that others dole out without thinking can start to make an expectant mom’s head spin....

Exactly when babies can hold their head up varies between children, but it generally happens around 4 months of age. At birth, a baby’s head will flop backward if unsupported. Over the next several months, though, their muscles will develop and they will stretch and strengthen their necks until they can finally hold their heads up independently, sphinx-style, around 4 months old. “Infants at this age have the upper body strength to hold their head and neck up at a 45-degree angle,” explains Pierrette Mimi Poinsett, MD, a pediatrician and health advocate consultant for Mom Loves Best....

There is almost nothing as stressful as dealing with a sick or feverish child. It’s a parental instinct to worry and, sometimes, assume the worst. But the fact is, most kids get fevers from time to time throughout childhood, and not all are causes for alarm. “A fever is not always a bad thing because it shows your child’s body is fighting an infection,” says Preeti Parikh, MD, a New York City pediatrician, and Executive Medical Director at GoodRx....

Symptoms of Depression According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the symptoms of depression are as follows: Persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, hopelessness, guilt, or helplessness Irritability or restlessness Loss of interest in formerly enjoyable activities Fatigue and low energy Problems in concentrating and making decisions Sleep disturbances Appetite changes Thoughts of suicide Persistent pains or digestive problems that do not respond to treatment Of course, looking at that list, nearly every woman who has been devastated by a miscarriage has probably had at least a few of those symptoms....

Being the partner of someone who is struggling with postpartum depression is an enormous challenge. You may feel worried for your partner, concerned about your baby—and overwhelmed with the responsibility of helping your partner feel better. You may even feel anger and resentment about what is going on (that’s normal too). Rest assured that postpartum depression is treatable. You have a very important role in helping your partner recover—and there are many simple, straightforward steps you can take to make that happen....

If your water breaks before your labor contractions begin, your doctor or midwife will give you a few options based on any other symptoms and your medical history. Together you can decide what’s best for you. Some recommendations may not be safe and it’s possible that you may not respond to others, given your medical history. You will also want to discuss when you should go to the hospital, birth center, or doctor’s office....

But, just because your teen doesn’t appreciate your words of wisdom, doesn’t mean you shouldn’t offer your advice. Constructive criticism can be essential to your teen’s well-being. Your teen needs to know how to improve their social skills. They’ll need guidance on steps they could take to be healthier. They’ll need your advice on how they can improve their chances of success. Why Constructive Criticism Is Important It’s important for your teen to be able to hear constructive criticism without automatically becoming defensive or argumentative....

What Research Says About TV Parental Guidelines High levels of TV violence and inappropriate content were plentiful in shows labeled TV-Y7 (appropriate for kids aged 7 and up), according to the study, which was led by Joy Gabrielli, Ph.D., a clinical child psychologist at Dartmouth College’s Geisel School of Medicine in Hanover, N.H. The ratings, which determine the age rating for content based on the amount of violence, alcohol use, smoking, and sexual behavior depicted in the programs, are supposed to help parents gauge which shows are okay—and which shows are not—for kids of certain ages....

Risk Factors The risk factors for developing preeclampsia include: History of high blood pressure before pregnancyAge over 40 or under 18ObesityDiabetesFirst pregnancyMultiple pregnancies (twins or more)African American ethnicityOther chronic conditions, such as lupus Complications Preeclampsia is a dangerous condition. Not only are women at risk for long-term health complications, including high blood pressure later in life, preeclampsia is a known risk factor for stillbirth. It is also a contributing factor in many preterm deliveries....

What Is an Ethical Will or Legacy Letter? It turns out that the impulse that I felt on my anniversary is one that elders have been feeling for many years. The oldest surviving ethical will was written almost a millennium ago, around 1050. Ethical wills have been entrenched in Jewish tradition but did not really enter the popular consciousness until a few years ago. Some modern proponents prefer the term legacy letter as it seems a little less stuffy....

Afiyah the Succulent To buy: Afiyah the Succulent Squishmallow, $20; amazon.com Each Squishmallow has its own name and backstory already provided, which makes imaginative play even more fun. Afiyah the Succulent is 12 x 8 x 14 inches and she loves to sing and dance with her partner, Oz the Succulent. This cuddly friend is a great pick for kiddos and the plant lovers in your life Drow the Dragon To buy: Drow the Dragon Squishmallow, $20; amazon....

Perhaps you are looking at ways to lose pregnancy weight or want to know how to create a healthy diet for your family. Maybe you want some tips on how to balance work while being a busy mom or learn ways to raise bilingual and multicultural kids. When you find yourself struggling, it helps to turn to mommy bloggers who love to share practical tips and advice for navigating motherhood....